Publications

2026

Xie J, Linder C, 2026. Plane strain couple stress based contact mechanics of flexoelectric solids. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 206:106386. Google Scholar

2025

Xie J, Javili A, Linder C, 2025. Flexoelectricity at finite deformations via Toupin's electroelasticity. Journal of Elasticity, Submitted for publication.

Eum D, Kim S-Y, Linder C, Han T-S, 2025. Mixed-mode crack simulation in 3D-printed concrete specimens using phase-field fracture. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, Submitted for publication.

Xie J, Linder C, 2025. Axisymmetric couple stress based contact mechanics of flexoelectric solids. European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, Submitted for publication.

Eum D, Kim S-Y, Nomura R, Linder C, Han T-S, 2025. Phase-field fracture simulation of pressurized concrete microstructure. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Submitted for publication.

Arunachala PK, Abrari Vajari S, Linder C, 2025. A multiscale mixed three-field finite element formulation coupled with phase field fracture for incompressible rubber-like materials. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Submitted for publication.

Abrari Vajari S, Neuner M, Arunachala PK, Linder C, 2025. A micropolar phase field fracture model for elastoplastic solids applied to concrete failure. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 126:e70140. Google Scholar

Xie J, Javili A, Linder C, 2025. The Kirsch problem in second strain gradient elasticity. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 481(2319): 20250389. Google Scholar

Xie J, Linder C, 2025. The Mode-I full field solution in flexoelectric materials. Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids. 10812865251362732. Google Scholar

2024

Xie J, Linder C, 2024. Full field crack solutions in anti-plane flexoelectricity. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics. 104674. Google Scholar

Xie J, C. Linder C, 2024. Exact solutions for functionally graded flexoelectric micro-cylinders. Mechanics of Materials. 198: 105148. Google Scholar

Neuner M, Dummer A, Abrari Vajari S, Gamnitzer P, Gimperlein H, Linder C, Hofstetter G, 2024. A B-spline based gradient-enhanced micropolar implicit material point method for large localized inelastic deformations. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 431: 117291. Google Scholar

Xie J, Linder C, 2024. Ellipsoidal Inclusions in Flexoelectric Solids. Journal of Applied Mechanics. 91 (10): 101004, Editor's Pick. Google Scholar

Arunachala PK, Abrari Vajari S, Neuner M, Sim J, Zhao R, Linder C, 2024. A multiscale anisotropic polymer network model coupled with phase field fracture. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. e7488. Google Scholar

Xie J, Linder C, 2024. Circular cavities and inhomogeneities in anti-plane flexoelectricity. European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids, 105251. Google Scholar

Xie J, Linder C, 2024. Plane strain problem of flexoelectric cylindrical inhomogeneities. International Journal of Solids and Structures, Volume 289, 112649. Google Scholar

Wu H-C, Nikzad S, Zhu C, Yan H, Li Y, Niu W, Matthews J.R, Xu J, Matsuhisa N, Arunachala P K, Rastak R, Linder C, Zheng Y-Q, Toney M.F, He M, Bao Z, Highly stretchable polymer semiconductor thin films with multi-modal energy dissipation and high relative stretchability. Nature Communications. Google Scholar

2023

Abrari Vajari S, Neuner M, Arunachala PK, Linder C, 2023. Investigation of driving forces in a phase field approach to mixed mode fracture of concrete. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 417: 116404. Google Scholar

Xie J, Linder C, 2023, Analysis of Flexoelectric Solids with a Cylindrical Cavity. Journal of Applied Mechanics. 2023. Google Scholar

Xie J, McAvoy R, Linder C, 2023, An analytical model for nanoscale flexoelectric doubly curved shells. Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids. 2023: 0(0). Google Scholar

Arunachala PK, Abrari Vajari S, Neuner M, Linder C, 2023. A multiscale phase field fracture approach based on the non-affine microsphere model for rubber-like materials. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 410: 115982. Google Scholar

Qiu Y, Arunachala PK, Linder C, 2023. SenseNet: A physics-informed deep learning model for shape sensing. Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 149: 04023002. Google Scholar

Neuner M, Abrari Vajari S, Arunachala P K, Linder C, 2023. A better understanding of the mechanics of borehole breakout utilizing a finite strain gradient-enhanced micropolar continuum model. Computers and Geotechnics. 153:105064. Google Scholar

Journal Articles (refereed)

Abrari Vajari S, Neuner M, Arunachala P K, Ziccarelli A, Deierlein G, Linder C, 2022. A thermodynamically consistent finite strain phase field approach to ductile fracture considering multi-axial stress states. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 400:115467. Google Scholar

Neuner M, Regueiro R, Linder C, 2022. A unified finite strain gradient-enhanced micropolar continuum approach for modeling quasi-brittle failure of cohesive-frictional materials. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 254-255:111841. Google Scholar

Qiu Y, Zhang X, Usubelli C, Mayer D, Linder C, Christensen J, 2022. Understanding thermal and mechanical effects on lithium plating in lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources. 541:231632. Google Scholar

Arunachala P K, Rastak R, Linder C, 2021. Energy based fracture initiation criterion for strain-crystallizing rubber-like materials with pre-existing cracks. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 157 (2021) 104617. Google Scholar

Dortdivanlioglu B, Yilmaz NED, Goh KB, Zheng X, Linder C, 2021. Swelling-induced interface crease instabilities at hydrogel bilayers. Journal of Elasticity. 145(1):31–47. DOI Google Scholar

Zhang X, Klinsman M, Chumakov S, Li X, Kim SU, Metzger M, Besli MM, Klein R, Linder C, Christensen J , 2021. A modified electrochemical model to account for mechanical effects due to lithium intercalation and external pressure. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 168:020533. Google Scholar

Wang W, Wang S, Rastak R, Ochiai Y, Niu S, Jiang Y, Arunachala P K, Zheng Y, Xu J, Matsuhisa N, Yan X, Kwon S-K, Miyakawa M, Zhang Z, Ning R, Foudeh A, Yun Y, Linder C, Tok J, Bao Z, 2021. Strain-insensitive intrinsically stretchable transistors and circuits. Nature Electronics. 4(2):143–150. Google Scholar

Zhang X, Chumakov S, Li X, Klinsmann M, Kim SU, Linder C, Christensen J, 2020. An electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical coupled three-dimensional computational framework for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 167:160542. Google Scholar

Lejeune E, Linder C, 2020. Interpreting stochastic agent-based models of cell death. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 360:112700. Google Scholar

Krischok A, Linder C, 2019. A generalized inf-sup test for multi-field mixed-variational methods. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. accepted for publication. Google Scholar

Jin T, Mourad HM, Bronkhorst CA, Livescu V, Zhang X, Linder C, Regueiro RA, 2019. Three-dimensional explicit finite element formulation for shear localization with global tracking of embedded weak discontinuities. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 353:416–447. DOI Google Scholar

Chen G, Rastak R, Wang Y, Yan H, Feig V, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Chen S, Lian F, Molina-Lopez F, Jin L, Cui K, Chung JW, Pop E, Linder C, Bao Z, 2019. Strain- and strain-rate-invariant conductance in a stretchable and compressible 3D conducting polymer foam. Matter. in press. Google Scholar

Lejeune E, Dortdivanlioglu B, Kuhl E, Linder C, 2019. Understanding the mechanical link between oriented cell division and cerebellar morphogenesis. Soft Matter. 15:2204-2215. DOI Google Scholar

Dortdivanlioglu B, Linder C, 2019. Diffusion-driven swelling-induced instabilities of hydrogels. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 125:38-52. DOI Google Scholar

Zhang X, Klein R, Subbaraman A, Chumakov S, Li X, Christensen J, Linder C, Kim SU, 2019. Evaluation of convective heat transfer coefficient and specific heat capacity of a lithium-ion battery using infrared camera and lumped capacitance method. Journal of Power Sources. 412:552-558. DOI Google Scholar

Lejeune E, Linder C, 2018. Understanding the relationship between cell death and tissue shrinkage via a stochastic agent-based model. Journal of Biomechanics. 73:9-17. DOI Google Scholar

Han T-S, Zhang X, Kim J-S, Chung S-Y, Lim J-H, Linder C, 2018. Area of lineal-path function for describing the pore microstructures of cement paste and their relations to the mechanical properties simulated from μ-CT microstructures. Cement and Concrete Composites. 89:1-17. DOI Google Scholar

Jin L, Chortos A, Lian F, Pop E, Linder C, Bao Z, Cai W, 2018. Microstructural origin of resistance-strain hysteresis in carbon nanotube thin film conductors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 115(9):1986-1991. DOI Google Scholar

Rastak R, Linder C, 2018. A non-affine micro-macro approach to strain-crystallizing rubber-like materials. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 111:67-99. DOI Google Scholar

Dortdivanlioglu B, Krischok A, Beirão da Veiga L, Linder C, 2018. Mixed isogeometric analysis of strongly coupled diffusion in porous materials. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 114(1):28-46. DOI Google Scholar

Lejeune E, Linder C, 2018. Modeling mechanical inhomogeneities in small populations of proliferating monolayers and spheroids. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology. 17(3):727-743. DOI Google Scholar

Yue W, Zhu C, Pfattner R, Yan H, Jin L, Chen S, Molina-Lopez F, Lissel F, Liu J, Rabiah N, Chen Z, Chung JW, Linder C, Toney M, Murmann B, Bao Z, 2017. A highly stretchable, transparent, and conductive polymer. Science Advances. 3:e1602076. DOI Google Scholar

Reinoso J, Paggi M, Linder C, 2017. Phase field modeling of brittle fracture for enhanced assumed strain shells at large deformations: formulation and finite element implementation. Computational Mechanics, 59(6):981-1001. DOI Google Scholar

Ehlers W, Govindjee S, Keip M, Kiefer B, Linder C, Schröder J, 2017. In Memoriam of Christian Miehe. Mechanics Research Communications. 80:3. DOI Google Scholar BibTex

Lejeune E, Linder C, 2017. Quantifying the relationship between cell division angle and morphogenesis through computational modeling. Journal of Theoretical Biology. 418:1-7. DOI Google Scholar

Lejeune E, Linder C, 2017. Modeling tumor growth with peridynamics. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 16(4):1141-1157. DOI Google Scholar

Xu J, Wang S, Wang GJ, Zhu C, Jin L, Gu X, Chen S, To J, Rondeau-Gagné S, Schroeder B, Lu C, Oh J, Wang Y, Kim YH, Yan H, Xue G, Murmann B, Linder C, Cai W, Tok J, Chung JW, Bao Z, 2017. Highly stretchable polymer semiconductor films through the nanoconfinement effect. Science, 355(6320):59-64. DOI Google Scholar

Dortdivanlioglu B, Javili A, Linder C, 2017. Computational aspects of morphological instabilities using isogeometric analysis. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 316:261-279. DOI Google Scholar

Lejeune E, Javili A, Weickenmeier J, Kuhl E, Linder C, 2016. Tri-layer wrinkling as a mechanism for anchoring center initation in the developing cerebellum. Soft Matter. 12:5613-5620. DOI Google Scholar

Zhang X, Krischok A, Linder C, 2016. A variational framework to model diffusion induced large plastic deformation and phase field fracture during initial two-phase lithiation of silicon electrodes. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 312:51-77. DOI Google Scholar

Keip M-A, Kiefer B, Schröder J, Linder C, 2016. Special Issue on Phase Field Approaches to Fracture: In Memory of Professor Christian Miehe (1956–2016). Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 312:1-2. DOI Google Scholar

Li C-H, Wang C, Keplinger C, Zuo J-L, Jin L, Sun Y, Zheng P, Cao Y, Lissel F, Linder C, You X-Z, Bao Z, 2016. A highly stretchable autonomous self-healing elastomer. Nature Chemistry. 8:618–624. DOI Google Scholar

Lejeune E, Javili A, Linder C, 2016. An algorithmic approach to multi-layer wrinkling. Extreme Mechanics Letters. 7:10-17. DOI Google Scholar

Krischok A, Linder C, 2016. Erratum: On the enhancement of low-order mixed finite element methods for the large deformation analysis of diffusion in solids. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 107(5):450. DOI Google Scholar

Krischok A, Linder C, 2016. On the enhancement of low-order mixed finite element methods for the large deformation analysis of diffusion in solids. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 106(4):278–297. DOI Google Scholar

Lejeune E, Javili A, Linder C, 2016. Understanding geometric instabilities in thin films via a multi-layer model. Soft Matter. 12:806-816. DOI Google Scholar

Raina A, Linder C, 2015. A micromechanical model with strong discontinuities for failure in nonwovens at finite deformation. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 75-76:247-259. DOI Google Scholar

Javili A, Chatzigeorgiou G, McBride AT, Steinmann P, Linder C, 2015. Computational homogenization of nano-materials accounting for size effects via surface elasticity. GAMM Mitteilungen. 38(2):285-312. DOI Google Scholar

Kochmann D, Linder C, 2015. Preface of the guest editors. GAMM-Mitteilungen. 38(2):198-200. DOI Google Scholar

Javili A, Dortdivanlioglu B, Kuhl E, Linder C, 2015. Computational aspects of growth-induced instabilities through eigenvalue analysis. Computational Mechanics. 56:405-420. DOI Google Scholar

Zhang X, Lee S, Lee H-W, Cui Y, Linder C, 2015. A reaction-controlled diffusion model for the lithiation of silicon in lithium-ion batteries. Extreme Mechanics Letters. 4:61-75. DOI Google Scholar

Schauer V, Linder C, 2015. The reduced basis method in all-electron calculations with finite elements. Advances in Computational Mathematics. 41(5):1035-1047. DOI Google Scholar

Linder C, 2014. A complex variable solution based analysis of electric displacement saturation for a cracked piezoelectric material. Journal of Applied Mechanics. 81:091006(10). DOI Google Scholar

Linder C, Zhang X, 2014. Three-dimensional finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities to model failure in electromechanical coupled materials. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 273:143-160. DOI Google Scholar

Raina A, Linder C, 2014. A homogenization approach for nonwoven materials based on fiber undulations and reorientation. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 65:12-34. DOI Google Scholar

Krischok A, Tkachuk M, Linder C, 2014. A thermodynamically consistent and numerically stable formulation for the description of diffusion in polymeric gels. PAMM. 14:487-488. DOI Google Scholar

Raina A, Linder C, 2014. Failure in anisotropic nonwoven materials at finite deformation. PAMM. 14:377-378. DOI Google Scholar

Linder C, Zhang X, 2013. A marching cubes based failure surface propagation concept for 3D finite elements with non-planar embedded strong discontinuities of higher order kinematics. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 96:339-372. DOI Google Scholar

Schauer V, Linder C, 2013. All-electron Kohn-Sham density functional theory on hierarchic finite element spaces. Journal of Computational Physics. 250:644-664. DOI Google Scholar

Linder C, Raina A, 2013. A strong discontinuity approach on multiple levels to model solids at failure. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 253:558-583. DOI Google Scholar

Raina A, Linder C, 2013. Modeling reorientation phenomena in nonwoven materials with random fiber network microstructure. PAMM. 13:249-250. DOI Google Scholar

Linder C, 2013. 3D finite elements to model electromechanical coupled solids at failure. PAMM. 13:81-82. DOI Google Scholar

Tkachuk M, Linder C, 2012. The maximal advance path constraint for the homogenization of materials with random network microstructure. Philosophical Magazine. 92:2779-2808. DOI Google Scholar

Linder C, 2012. An analysis of the exponential electric displacement saturation model in fracturing piezoelectric ceramics. Technische Mechanik. 32:53-69. Google Scholar

Linder C, Miehe C, 2012. Effect of electric displacement saturation on the hysteretic behavior of ferroelectric ceramics and the initiation and propagation of cracks in piezoelectric ceramics. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 60:882-903. DOI Google Scholar

Tkachuk M, Linder C, 2012. Homogenization of random elastic networks with non-affine kinematics. PAMM. 12:417-418. DOI Google Scholar

Schauer V, Linder C, 2012. All-electron calculations with finite elements. PAMM. 12:353-354. DOI Google Scholar

Raina A, Linder C, 2012. Modeling quasi-static crack growth with the embedded finite element method on multiple levels. PAMM. 12:135-136. DOI Google Scholar

Zhang X, Linder C, 2012. New three-dimensional finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities to model solids at failure. PAMM. 12:133-134. DOI Google Scholar

Linder C, Tkachuk M, Miehe C, 2011. A micromechanically motivated diffusion-based transient network model and its incorporation into finite rubber viscoelasticity. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 59:2134-2156. DOI Google Scholar

Linder C, Rosato D, Miehe C, 2011. New finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities for the modeling of failure in electromechanical coupled solids. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 200:141-161. DOI Google Scholar

Tkachuk M, Linder C, 2011. Microstructural driven computational modeling of polymers. PAMM. 11:557-558. DOI Google Scholar

Schauer V, Linder C, 2011. Finite element solution of the Kohn-Sham equations. PAMM. 11:491-492. DOI Google Scholar

Raina A, Linder C, 2011. A strong discontinuity based adaptive refinement approach for the modeling of crack branching. PAMM. 11:171-172. DOI Google Scholar

Raina A, Linder C, 2010. Modeling crack micro-branching using finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities. PAMM. 10:681-684. DOI Google Scholar

Armero F, Linder C, 2009. Numerical simulation of dynamic fracture using finite elements with embedded discontinuities. International Journal of Fracture. 160:119-141. DOI Google Scholar

Linder C, Armero F, 2009. Finite elements with embedded branching. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design. 45:280-293. DOI Google Scholar

Armero F, Linder C, 2008. New finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities in the finite deformation range. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering. 197:3138-3170. DOI Google Scholar

Linder C, Armero F, 2007. Finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities for the modeling of failure in solids. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering. 72:1391–1433. DOI Google Scholar

Li S, Linder C, Foulk III J W., 2007. On configurational compatibility and multiscale energy momentum tensors. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids. 55:980-1000. DOI Google Scholar

Conference Proceedings (refereed and non-refereed)

Spahn J, Andrä H, Kabel M, Müller R, Linder C, 2014. Multiscale modeling of progressive damage in elasto-plastic composite materials. Proceedings of the 11th World Congress on Computational Mechanics, E. Onate, J. Oliver and A. Huerta (Eds), 1-12 Google Scholar

Armero F, Linder C, 2009. Numerical modeling of dynamic fracture. Proceedings of the ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COMPDYN09). Google Scholar

Armero F, Linder C, 2007. Recent developments in the formulation of finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities. In Discretization Methods for Evolving Discontinuities, Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium. 5:105-122. Google Scholar

Guggenberger W, Linder C, 2004. Analogy model for the axisymmetric elastic edge bending problem in shells of revolution based on Geckeler’s approximation. In Progress in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation. Google Scholar

Guggenberger W, Linder C, 2003. Elastic stress analysis of axisymmetric discontinuities in shells of revolution by an effective ring analogy model. ECCS International Conference on Design, Inspection, Maintenance and Operation of Cylindrical Steel Tanks and Pipelines. Google Scholar

Technical Reports (non-refereed)

Rastak R, 2020. Computational Modeling of Polymer-Based Stretchable Electronic Systems. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University. Google Scholar

Dortdivanlioglu B, 2019. Computational methods to study mechanical instabilities in soft and multi-physics media. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University. Google Scholar

Krischok A, 2019. A Stability Framework for the Galerkin Approximation of Multifield Saddle Point Principles with Applications to Irreversible Problems. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University. Google Scholar

Lejeune E, 2018. Numerical Modeling of Mechanically Driven Emergent Behavior in Biological Systems. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University. Google Scholar

Zhang X, 2018. Numerical modeling of energy storage materials. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University. Google Scholar

Raina A, 2014. Multi-level descriptions of failure phenomena with the strong discontinuity approach. Ph.D. Thesis, Institute of Applied Mechanics (Chair I), University of Stuttgart. Google Scholar

Schauer V, 2014. Finite element based electronic structure calculations. Ph.D. Thesis, Institute of Applied Mechanics (Chair I), University of Stuttgart. Google Scholar

Linder C, 2013. On the computational modeling of micromechanical phenomena in solid materials. Habilitation Thesis, Institute of Applied Mechanics (Chair I), University of Stuttgart. Google Scholar

Swayamjyoti S, 2013. Finite element implementation of orbital-free density functional theory for electronic structure calculations. M.Sc. Thesis, Computational Mechanics of Materials and Structures, University of Stuttgart. Google Scholar

Zhang X, 2011. New 3D finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities. M.Sc. Thesis, Computational Mechanics of Materials and Structures, University of Stuttgart. Google Scholar

Raina A, 2010. A multilevel embedded finite element method for the modeling of crack branching. M.Sc. Thesis, Computational Mechanics of Materials and Structures, University of Stuttgart. Google Scholar

Tkachuk M, 2010. A micromechanically based model for viscoelasticity of rubbery polymers. M.Sc. Thesis, Computational Mechanics of Materials and Structures, University of Stuttgart. Google Scholar

Armero F, Linder C, 2008. Numerical simulation of dynamic fracture using finite elements with embedded discontinuities. Report No. UCB/SEMM-2008/01, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley. Google Scholar

Linder C, 2007. New finite elements with embedded strong discontinuities for the modeling of failure in solids. Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley. Google Scholar

Linder C, 2006. Application of differential topology for the derivation of compatibility conservation laws in mechanics. M.A. Thesis, Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley. Google Scholar

Linder C, 2005. Finite elements with strong discontinuities. Qualifying Report, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley. Google Scholar

Linder C, 2003. An arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element formulation for dynamics and finite strain plasticity models. M.Sc. Thesis, Computational Mechanics of Materials and Structures, University of Stuttgart. Google Scholar

Linder C, 2001. Theory of general shells of revolution and development of an analogy model for the efficient computation of axisymmetric edge bending effects. Diploma Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University Graz. Google Scholar